Whether it is a fire-fighting supervisor or a unit's fire-fighting management personnel, they often face inspections of fire-fighting facilities and equipment. These fire-fighting facilities and equipment are usually designed, installed, and accepted. So, how to find common and important fire hazards?
Fire-fighting facilities and equipment have three main functions: First, after a fire occurs, put out the fire as soon as possible. For example, various automatic fire extinguishing systems, fire hydrants, and fire extinguishers; second, after a fire occurs, warnings remind people to "fire", and control the spread of fire and smoke as much as possible to prevent it from expanding. For example, automatic fire alarm system, fire protection broadcast, smoke prevention and fire separation system, etc.; third, when a fire occurs, it helps people put out the fire and save themselves, such as fire emergency lighting, fire elevators, etc.
If fire-fighting facilities and equipment cannot play their due role, it constitutes a fire hazard. Below, we will classify and explain the common fire hazards of fire-fighting facilities and equipment.
In layman's terms, the main function of a fire alarm system is to tell you as soon as possible when a fire occurs: it has caught fire, it has caught fire. Let you decide whether to put out the fire or run away.
Therefore, if the fire detector is broken or installed improperly, it is a fire hazard that cannot alarm if a fire occurs; also, the corresponding relationship of the fire detector is wrong, such as the fire detector on the 3rd floor, the fire control room displays It's on the 18th floor. This is a big trouble.
Other common fire hazards are: the automatic fire alarm controller is broken; the circuit of the automatic fire alarm system is out of order; the power and backup power of the automatic fire alarm system are defective; the floor displays and speakers are broken.
The main function of the automatic sprinkler system is to extinguish a fire. From this point of view, its core is to be able to spray water. Therefore, the following are common fire hazards:
There is no water in the fire pool or roof fire water tank; the valve of the water pipe is closed; the fire water pump is broken, the motor of the water pump is broken or out of power; the nozzle is broken (blocked).
The fire hydrant system is divided into indoor and outdoor two types, but the basic function is to provide people with water to extinguish fires. Its core is also capable of spraying water. Therefore, the following are common fire hazards:
There is no water in the fire pool (or insufficient water); the valve of the water pipe is closed; the fire water pump is broken, the motor of the water pump is broken or out of power; the fire hydrant valve is rusty and cannot be opened; the fire hose is of poor quality, leaking, and water The interface of the belt is not fastened; there is no fire hose (lost).
The gas fire extinguishing system is also used to extinguish fires. It is suitable for places where water cannot be used (or poorly) to extinguish fires, such as power distribution rooms and computer centers. In the event of a fire, the gas fire extinguishing system uses automatic jets to extinguish the fire. Therefore, the following are common fire hazards:
The gas fire extinguishing agent storage cylinder is out of gas (or the air pressure is insufficient); the valve on the gas fire extinguishing pipeline is closed; the air pressure in the fire extinguishing cylinder is insufficient; the solenoid valve on the fire extinguishing agent cylinder is not pulled out.
Fire separation facilities mainly include fire doors, fire windows, fire shutters, fire seals, fire dampers, etc. Its function is to prevent the spread of fire (smoke) after a fire occurs. Therefore, the following are common fire hazards:
The above products are fake and inferior products; fire doors and fire shutters are not closed tightly; fire doors lack door closers (or are damaged); there are things piled under the fire shutters (which makes it impossible to land); there is a problem with the remote control system and cannot be controlled; The fire-proof sealing material is not tightly closed, the thickness is not enough, etc.; the fire damper cannot be closed or cannot be closed automatically.
The smoke control system includes smoke control system and smoke control system. The smoke prevention system mainly refers to the positive pressure air supply system, which is generally installed in the stairwell, the front room and the refuge floor. After a fire occurs, blow some wind inside to increase the pressure, so that the smoke is not easy to enter, and people will compare it inside. Safety; smoke exhaust systems are generally set up in walkways and rooms. After a fire occurs, the smoke in these places is exhausted (taken away), so that people can be less harmed by smoke. Therefore, the following are common fire hazards:
The exhaust fan and smoke prevention fan are broken (or their power supply is out of power); the exhaust duct and air supply duct are leaking smoke (wind); the exhaust vent and air supply vent cannot be opened; the air supply and exhaust system cannot be controlled automatically.
After a fire breaks out, there will usually be a power outage, and then it will be pitch black and the smoke will be so big that people cannot find the north. Therefore, the fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system are designed, the role is to provide emergency lighting and use light to guide people to evacuate. Therefore, the following are common fire hazards:
The emergency lighting is of poor quality and does not turn on, or the lighting time is too short; the evacuation indicator is not bright, or the lighting time is short; the emergency lighting and the evacuation indicator are installed in the wrong position; the evacuation indicator is installed in the wrong direction; these facilities It cannot be controlled remotely or automatically.
After a fire broke out, ordinary elevators could no longer be used, and fire elevators had to be used at this time. The main function of the fire elevator is for firefighters to go to the building to extinguish fire or save people. Therefore, the following are common fire hazards:
The fire elevator is powered off during a fire (there is no dual power supply); the fire elevator is too small to be able to take enough firefighters (fire fighting equipment); the fire elevator cannot automatically descend to the first floor and open the door; there is no intercom phone or emergency in the fire elevator illumination.
After a fire occurs, a reliable and easy-to-use communication system is often needed to organize personnel to evacuate, extinguish fires, and report fire conditions. Mobile phones are too slow, and walkie-talkies sometimes have poor signals, so the fire phone and emergency broadcast in the building It makes sense. For example, in a 30-storey building, the 5th floor is on fire. How can 6-30 floors know that it is on fire? Relying on people to call and make phone calls is obviously not very reliable. At this time, turn on the emergency broadcast and operate it, and the whole building will understand in a minute. Therefore, the following are common fire hazards:
The fire-fighting telephone jack is broken; the corresponding position of the fire-fighting telephone is wrong; the emergency broadcast speaker does not sound or the sound is too low; the emergency broadcast line is faulty; the broadcast controller is broken (microphone, power amplifier, volume adjustment, etc.).
Fire extinguishers are most commonly used when a fire occurs, and people can grab it and put out the fire. Therefore, the following are common fire hazards:
The quality of the fire extinguisher is problematic. The fire extinguisher may be filled with lime instead of dry powder. The number of fire extinguishers is small and the location is wrong. The type of fire extinguisher is wrong. It is clearly a computer room, but it is equipped with water and dry powder. It's not repaired.
There are also many fire-fighting facilities and equipment, such as air breathing apparatus, chemical protective clothing, fire protection clothing, fire blankets, smoke masks, escape escape devices, fire-fighting sand..., their functions are among the three categories mentioned above. Certain category or categories. Therefore, the following are common fire hazards:
The quality of the facilities and equipment is not good; poor management makes it impossible to use; the selection is wrong, and there is no way to use it; the quantity is insufficient and not enough.